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Macroeconomics

Macroeconomics is the branch of economics that studies how the aggregate economy behaves. It focuses on aggregate expenditure and consumption of a nation or region. The amount saved and spent by all households, the productiveness of the country's labour force, and how actions of the government and central bank stimulate the overall economy. Common Macroeconomic measurements include GDP (the total amount of goods produced by an economy), Unemployment (the % of people in the economy that are not working) and inflation (the rate at which the prices are increasing). Macroeconomists develop models to explain the relationship between a variety of factors such as consumption, inflation, savings, investments, international trade and finance, national income and output to the overall economy, and at what magnitude each factor can affect the economic environment as a whole. They study the aggregated indicators of unemployment rates, GDP and price indices, and then analyse how differe

Microeconomics

Microeconomics is a branch of economics that studies the behaviour of individuals or households or firms (economic agents) in making decisions regarding the allocation of limited resources. It is concerned with the interaction between individual buyers and sellers and the factors that influence the choices made by buyers and sellers. In particular microeconomics focuses on patterns of supply and demand and the determination of prices and output in individual markets, and that how individual businesses decide how much of something to produce and how much to charge for it.

Business Economics

Business Economics is the part of economic theory which focuses on business enterprise and inquires into the factors contributing to the diversity of organisational structures and to the relationships of firms with labour, capital and product markets. Business economics is concerned with economic issues and problems related to business organisations, their management and strategies.  It tries to explain, why corporate firms emerge and exist, how they expand, the role of entrepreneurs, the significance of organisational structure, the relationship of firms with their employees, their stakeholders, the providers of capital, the customers and the government, the interactions between firms and the business environment.  

Economics

Economics is the social science that studies the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services. Economics is the study of how people choose to use resources. Resources include the time and talent people have available, the land, buildings, equipment, and other tools on hand, and the knowledge of how to combine them to create useful products and services. Economics studies how people appear to use the resources available to them to improve their well-being. Well-being includes the satisfaction people gain from the products and services they choose to consume, from their time spent in leisure, and with family and community, as well as in the jobs, and the security and services provided by their governments. Economics is the science of choices. Scarcity is the core problem of economics. The fact that the available resources are insufficient to satisfy all desired uses thereof. Economics tries to explain the choices people or households or businesses (economic ag

NABARD

NABARD National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development NABARD is the apex development bank in India, head quartered in Mumbai. It was established in 12-July-1982 by a special act of parliament and its main focus was upliftment of rural India by increasing the credit flow for elevation of agriculture and rural non farm sector. NABARD was established on the recommendations of Shivraman Committee, on 12-July-1982 to implement the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development Act, 1981. It is one of the premier agencies providing development credit in rural areas. It replaced the Agriculture Credit Development (ACD) and Rural Planning and Credit Cell (RPCC) of Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and Agricultural Refinance and Development Corporation (ARDC). NABARD is the apex institution in the country which looks after the development of cottage industry, small industry and village industry and other rural industries. NABARD's refinance is available to State Co-operat

Check Valve

A Check Valve, Non Return Valve or a One way Valve is a valve that normally allows fluid (Liquid or Gas) to flow through only one direction. Check Valves are two port valves, meaning they have two openings in the body, one for fluid to enter and the other for fluid to leave. Check Valves work automatically and most are not controlled by a person or any external control, accordingly, they do not have any valve handle or stem.   Check Valve Symbol on P&IDs. The Arrow shows the flow direction. Check Valves are automatic valves that open with forward flow and close with reverse flow. The pressure of the flow passing through the system opens the valve, while reversal of flow will close the valve. Types of Check Valves Swing Check Valve A basic Swing Check Valve consists of  a Body, a Bonnet and a disc that is connected to a hinge. The disc swings away from the valve seat to allow flow in forward direction, and returns to the valve seat, when upstream f

NACE Standards

NACE International NACE International formerly known as National Association of Corrosion Engineers , established in 1943 by eleven corrosion engineers from the pipeline industry. The founding engineers were originally part of the regional group formed in 1930s when the study of cathodic protection was introduced. Since then NACE International has become the global leader in developing corrosion prevention control standards, certification and education. NACE has published standards since 1969 and has been accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), which is the U.S. member of International Standards Organisation (ISO) as a standards developer for many years.   NACE Standards for Sour Gas Applications Natural Gas and Crude Oil, as raw materials, contain greater or lesser high levels of Hydrogen Sulfur (H2S).  If there is a minimum amount of H2S and a minimum amount total pressure, such a mixture is known as "Sour Gas" or "Sour